Determinan Maternal Terhadap Kejadian Preeklampsia: Studi Cross-Sectional Berbasis Data Pelayanan Kesehatan
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Submitted
14 February 2026
Published
25 March 2026
Keywords:
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Preeklampsia, Determinan maternal, Faktor risiko, Pelayanan kesehatan
Abstract
Preeklampsia merupakan komplikasi kehamilan yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Identifikasi faktor risiko maternal berbasis data pelayanan kesehatan penting untuk mendukung deteksi dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan maternal yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia. Studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 158 ibu hamil trimester kedua dan ketiga menggunakan data rekam medis dan wawancara terstruktur. Variabel independen meliputi usia maternal, paritas, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), riwayat hipertensi, riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya, dan jumlah kunjungan antenatal care (ANC), sedangkan variabel dependen adalah diagnosis preeklampsia oleh dokter. Analisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Prevalensi preeklampsia sebesar 26,6%. Usia risiko tinggi, IMT overweight/obesitas, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat preeklampsia, dan ANC tidak adekuat berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian preeklampsia. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan riwayat hipertensi dan IMT berlebih sebagai prediktor dominan. Skrining berbasis faktor risiko perlu diperkuat dalam pelayanan antenatal.
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Cameron, N. A., Everitt, I. K., Lee, K. A., Yee, L. M., & Khan, S. S. (2023). Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Lens Into Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention. Hypertension, 80(6), 1162–1170. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19317
Craik, R., Akuze, J., Volvert, M.-L., Blencowe, H., Mukhanya, M., Makanga, P. T., Tchavana, C., Moore, S. E., Vala, A., Koech, A., Tribe, R. M., Noble, A., Bah, B., D’Alessandro, U., Vidler, M., Tu, D., Maculuve, S., Wanje, O., Idris, Y., … von Dadelszen, P. (2025). PREgnancy Care Integrating translational Science, Everywhere (PRECISE): a prospective cohort study of African pregnant and non-pregnant women to investigate placental disorders – cohort profile. BMJ Open, 15(5), e091831. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091831
DeStaffan, B., Tafflet, M., Lailler, G., Olié, V., Blacher, J., Deneux-Tharaux, C., Charles, M.-A., Heude, B., & Yuan, W. L. (2025). A steep-increasing blood pressure trajectory from early pregnancy is associated with birth outcomes in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Journal of Hypertension, 43(9), 1492–1499. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004083
Direktorat Statistik Kesejahteraan, & Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. https://web api.bps.go.id/download.php?f=lyho5Ya7wDTjAg47HbXV3TNDZXI5blAraGhqbUtYUXBLNEo1dmt5SFd2b2pHazB3VnNOWUlPUG5MckVZU1czdFBFaHpHWHFIV01PeXBqYjRHM3pBREVGc0NYM2Q0Z1I3V3NOc0FuS2ROdHI2ZlN0QVVBZkN0MjZlR2pWSXNESitEK3NmNGRDenFJODJ2SjFYTEg2QXM4ZTFubDlsV3dRc2pPdDVYV1dFWWhQZTZvTlEyempESS9jVEk1STk2YmpNRHFlNzhhNGZHTjFWSktYT3dNZFBHbFJrOSsvZU81OTcyeE5HRkhKWkZtL2NxT1lPbHVzdzBOTnUzcllmeFVoODRGZTBEQTYxU0pXUVQzRWY=
Dodds, L. V., Feaster, D. J., Kershaw, K. N., Gunderson, E. P., Rundek, T., Paidas, M., & Elfassy, T. (2025). Associations Between Racial Residential Segregation and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy among Black women: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention, 25, 200381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200381
Dri, E., Lampas, E., Lazaros, G., Lazarou, E., Theofilis, P., Tsioufis, C., & Tousoulis, D. (2023). Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction. Life, 13(6), 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061420
Feng, R., Chen, J., Wang, S., Li, S., Zhang, G., Hao, X., Zhang, Q., Wang, B., & Hua, L. (2026). A nomogram for preeclampsia risk prediction in the first trimester: a nested case-control study. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2616548
Furukawa, M., Wada-Hiraike, O., Nariai, M., Ga, H., Takai, R., Enomoto, Y., Sasabuchi, Y., Yasunaga, H., Harada, M., & Hirota, Y. (2026). Perinatal complications and time to subsequent pregnancy after open, laparoscopic, and hysteroscopic myomectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08617-6
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023.
Asnawi Abdullah, dr Iwan Ariawan, Razak Thaha, dr A Nur Indrawati Lipoeto, dr Witoelar, F., Ahmad Syafiq, & Ir Avenzora, A. (2024). SURVEI STATUS GIZI INDONESIA. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/survei-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-2024/
Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Wu, Y., & Luo, G. (2025). A study on the correlation between pregnancy risk factors and birth outcomes. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 30749. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16775-y
Murvai, V. R., Gali?, R., Panaitescu, A., Radu, C. M., Ghitea, T. C., Trif, P., Oni?a-Avram, M., Vesa, A. A., & Huniadi, A. (2025). Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a comprehensive literature review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 337. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07471-w
Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M., Pakdaman, K., Esmaeilnia Shirvani, A., Hashemi, Z., & Ebrahimi, P. (2025). Global incidence and risk factors of pregnancy-related stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 270 million women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08404-3
Nur Azizah Jamaluddin, S., Irhamnia Sakinah, A., Annisha Helvian, F., Ifdiana Jalal, S., Mahfudz, M., Studi Pendidikan Dokter, P., Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, F., & Studi Ilmu Al Quran dan Tafsir, P. (2025). Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Tingkat Stres dengan Tekanan Darah pada Ibu Hamil. Alami Journal: Alauddin Islamic Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.24252/alami
Poniedzia?ek-Czajkowska, E., Mierzy?ski, R., & Leszczy?ska-Gorzelak, B. (2023). Preeclampsia and Obesity—The Preventive Role of Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021267
Rabadia, S. V., Heimberger, S., Cameron, N. A., & Shahandeh, N. (2025). Pregnancy Complications and Long-Term Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 27(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01273-9
Redi, T., Seid, O., Bazie, G. W., Amsalu, E. T., Cherie, N., & Yalew, M. (2022). Timely initiation of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Southwest Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 17(8), e0273152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273152
Tang, L., Gu, L., Luo, Y., Zhong, F., Lai, T., Wang, Y., Song, W., Yang, X., & Yang, L. (2025). Stillbirth burden and associated factors in Chengdu, Western China: a population-based retrospective study, 2019–2024. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08555-3
Wei, B., Shao, Y., Liang, J., Tang, P., Mo, M., Liu, B., Huang, H., Tan, H. J. J., Huang, D., Liu, S., & Qiu, X. (2021). Maternal overweight but not paternal overweight before pregnancy is associated with shorter newborn telomere length: evidence from Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 283. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03757-x
Wheeler, S. M., Myers, S. O., Swamy, G. K., & Myers, E. R. (2022). Estimated Prevalence of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia Among Individuals Giving Birth in the US in 2019. JAMA Network Open, 5(1), e2142343. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42343
WHO. (2021). WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/02f76d6d-4f9f-4662-84fe-e23c186e1594/content
Xiong, Y., Chen, J., Wu, Y., Zhao, P., Liao, M., Guo, J., Liu, C., Zheng, M., Ren, Y., Zou, K., Sun, X., & Tan, J. (2025). The effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP): a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies involving 50 million pregnancies. EClinicalMedicine, 86, 103395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103395
Yao, D., Tang, X., Xue, M., Zhu, K., Li, W., Chen, Z., Ni, M., Li, B., Tang, Y., Lin, Z., Cheng, C., Hu, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, J., Yang, H., & Liu, Z. (2025). The effects of vaginal infections on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07309-5
Zorzato, P. C., Ricci, A., Bosco, M., Galli, L., Luka, L., Porcari, I., Laterza, R. M., Parolin, V., Milella, M., Laganà, A. S., Ficial, B., Casprini, C., Festi, A., Uccella, S., & Garzon, S. (2025). Hydatidiform Mole with Coexisting Normal Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Medicina, 61(10), 1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101781
Authors
Putri, P. K. P., Dheka Sapti Iskandar, Zainuddin, & Muhammad Azwar. (2026). Determinan Maternal Terhadap Kejadian Preeklampsia: Studi Cross-Sectional Berbasis Data Pelayanan Kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Marendeng, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58554/jkm.v10i1.202
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